In a survey released this morning by Scioto Analysis, 14 of 17 economists surveyed agreed that universal free school lunches will improve student outcomes such as test scores and graduation rates, with three uncertain of the impact and none disagreeing with the statement.. This comes after Senate Bill 109 was introduced last month, a bipartisan bill that would offer free breakfast and lunch to all children in Ohio’s public and charter schools. If passed, this bill will cost the state an estimated $300 million.
“There is an abundant body of literature that finds that universal free school lunches not only improve average test scores and overall academic performance (Gordanier et al. 2020 among others), but also reduce suspensions (Gordon and Ruffini 2018)” wrote Will Georgic from Ohio Wesleyan. “While not every student's academic achievement will improve, the average effect for all students will be unambiguously positive.”
14 of 17 respondents also agreed that universal free school lunches would promote equitable outcomes in Ohio’s K-12 education system. Jonathan Andreas from Bluffton University wrote “Universal benefits are more equitable than means-tested benefits because they literally treat everyone the same. They increase equitability of social status by eliminating the stigma of singling out the needy for special help. They also increase equality of opportunity by eliminating a high shadow-tax-rate whereby higher earned income can be completely ‘taxed’ away by radically reduced benefits thereby eliminating the marginal incentive to increase earnings. The tradeoff is that they are a lot more expensive to fund than means-tested benefits, so they are a relatively inefficient way to increase equity.”
The one respondent who disagreed that universal lunch would improve equitable outcomes was Michael Jones from the University of Cincinnati. He considered the impact of providing free breakfast as well, writing: “Encouraging children to eat breakfast at school rather than at home shifts parental responsibilities to government programs. This sends the message that providing basic needs such as food is something families can opt out of rather than prioritize. Parents who value family time together should not be put at a financial disadvantage simply because they do not use a free school breakfast. Families are strengthened when children see their parents taking care of them.”
The Ohio Economic Experts Panel is a panel of over 30 Ohio Economists from over 30 Ohio higher educational institutions conducted by Scioto Analysis. The goal of the Ohio Economic Experts Panel is to promote better policy outcomes by providing policymakers, policy influencers, and the public with the informed opinions of Ohio’s leading economists. Individual responses to all surveys can be found here.